Dealing with debt is tough, and for many parents, thinking about the potential of their kids inheriting their unpaid debt adds another layer of stress.

Imagine Lisa, a 65-year-old cancer patient with minimal savings and a mountain of medical and credit card debt. Lisa has two children, James and Joan, both of whom are married. She's terrified that they will inherit her debt.

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Lisa is unmarried. Her husband passed last year. She's not sure where to find good advice on estate planning. She's heard that children sometimes inherit their parents' debt.

She lives in California, which she vaguely remembers is one of the nine "community property" (1) states. But that just means that the law sees most assets and debts acquired by either her or her late spouse (during their marriage) as owned equally, regardless of whose name is on the title.

Medical bills have blown a hole through Lisa's savings, something she hoped to pass onto her children. Her part-time bookkeeping job and Social Security don't pay well enough to cover the bills. And she's racked up five-figure credit card debt to cover the difference.

How can Lisa protect her children from inheriting her problems? Here's what you need to know about what happens to your debt after you die.

Good news: The chances of Lisa's children being responsible for her debt are small.

When someone dies, debt is generally paid out of the estate, according the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (2). If the estate can't pay it, and if no one else is responsible for paying it, then the debt goes unpaid — and the creditor takes a loss.

The estate is the money or property left behind by a deceased person. Lisa rents, owns an old Toyota and keeps some money in a combined checking/savings account. She doesn't own much in the way of valuables. Old jewelry, mostly. Nothing to write home about.

Lisa's executor, the person managing her estate, might sell these to cover her debts (3). Once all of Lisa's estate is used up, however, remaining debt would go unpaid. For example, if the estate sale fails to cover $10,000 of credit card debt, her credit card company would likely write off the uncollectible balance as a loss.

Lisa's children probably won't inherit her debts. The exceptions are if they co-signed a loan, opened a joint account with Lisa, or if a specific California law requires them to cover a bill (4).

"The good news is that unpaid debts often don't automatically pass to family members," Brit Simon, National Debt Relief's chief experience officer, told MarketWatch (5). "In a situation without a mortgage or car loan, there may only be unsecured debts that would not be passed on. Unsecured debt would include any credit card debt, medical bills and personal loans that are not tied to collateral."

Rule of thumb: If your children aren't legally responsible for your debt now, they probably won't be when it comes time to inherit. That said, problems can crop up.

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Confused kids might make mistakes or feel burdened by the particulars of estate management.

Lisa imagines a situation in which she passes, and her son James is taken by surprise. He's not sure what to do next. Who is responsible for paying his mother's debt? Is it him?

James might accidentally make payments to debt collectors for which he's not legally responsible. The law generally protects you from being misled by debt collectors, but it happens. If James doesn't know he's not personally responsible for paying his mother's credit card debt, he might wire a collector $1,000 to make them go away.

Lisa protects her children by sitting down with them and outlining, briefly, what to expect come inheritance time. It's not an easy conversation to have — especially while struggling with debt and not wanting to be a burden — but it's an important conversation.

One thing to make clear to your kids: They are not responsible for your debts. It is illegal for a debt collector to ask them to pay your debts from their personal accounts. Your children have the right to hang up the phone and report the debt collector to the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (6).

To make the transfer of property as seamless as possible, you can follow in Lisa's footsteps.

Designate your children as beneficiaries on your bank accounts. That way, your property will conveniently transfer to them automatically. Your children can skip the probate process so your creditors, including your credit card company, can't take the property first. (You can do the same with your car's title at your local DMV (7).)

When it comes to any odds and ends like jewelry, it may be possible for your kids to claim them without formal probate. Lisa's estate, for example, is small enough that her kids can simply claim them. She points them to the California Courts Self-Help page (8), which will walk them through the process when the time comes.

To be absolutely sure your ducks are in a row, speak to an estate-planning attorney—and share their contact info with your children. Lisa's attorney helped assure her that California's status as a community property state is about spouses, not children.

Lisa feels better knowing her kids are prepared for whatever comes next — even if her children don't inherit her debts.

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Internal Revenue Service (1); Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (2),(4),(6); Federal Trade Commission (3); MarketWatch (5); California Courts Self-Help (7),(8)

This article originally appeared on Moneywise.com under the title: A 65-year-old cancer patient with five-figure debt found 3 ways to keep her kids from inheriting it

This article provides information only and should not be construed as advice. It is provided without warranty of any kind.